个人常用命令

工具

edit
命令行编辑器
https://github.com/microsoft/edit
chscr
换源工具
https://github.com/RubyMetric/chsrc
cherry-studio
llm聊天前端免安装
https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio

安装命令

apt

test -e /etc/apt/sources.list || echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bookworm main" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bookworm-security main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bookworm-updates main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list

# 清华源
# test -e /etc/apt/sources.list || echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian bookworm main" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
# echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
# echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian bookworm-updates main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list

docker 安装

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

apt update
apt upgrade -y
apt install curl vim wget gnupg dpkg apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates

curl -sSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | gpg --dearmor > /usr/share/keyrings/docker-ce.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-ce.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -sc) stable" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list

# 清华源
# curl -sS https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | gpg --dearmor > /usr/share/keyrings/docker-ce.gpg
# echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-ce.gpg] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian $(lsb_release -sc) stable" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list

apt update
apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
    "log-driver": "json-file",
    "log-opts": {
        "max-size": "20m",
        "max-file": "3"
    },
    "ipv6": true,
    "fixed-cidr-v6": "fd00:dead:beef:c0::/80",
    "experimental":true,
    "ip6tables":true,
    "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://func.ink",
        "https://dytt.online",
        "https://lispy.org",
        "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
        "https://a.ussh.net",
        "https://docker.zhai.cm",
        "https://6azbt4va.mirror.aliyuncs.com"
    ]
}
EOF

systemctl restart docker

单脚本换源

bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/docker.sh) --only-registry

conda 安装

wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
chmod +x Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
./Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
# 一路默认

rust 安装

# 过时
mkdir -p ~/.cargo && echo 'export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER="https://rsproxy.cn"
export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT="https://rsproxy.cn/rustup"' >>~/.bashrc && echo '[source.crates-io]
replace-with = "rsproxy-sparse"
[source.rsproxy]
registry = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"
[source.rsproxy-sparse]
registry = "sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/"
[registries.rsproxy]
index = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"
[net]
git-fetch-with-cli = true' >~/.cargo/config && source ~/.bashrc && curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh && source ~/.cargo/env && rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-musl && cargo version && rustc --version

gcc

apt update
apt install build-essential

golang

rm -rf /usr/local/go && tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.24.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.24.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.22.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz
echo '# GO install
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
# END GO install
' >> ~/.profile
source ~/.profile

使用

docker

根据 pid 来定位 docker 容器

# 1. 获取 pid, 使用 ps -aux, top等
# 2. 查找容器 ID
cat /proc/[PID]/cgroup
# 输出类似于 1:name=systemd:/docker/[CONTAINER_ID]
# 3. 截取 前十二位[短容器ID], 使用docker ps即可
docker ps | grep [短容器ID]

docker compose 修改端口映射

如果没有启动则直接修改 docker-compose.yaml 文件
如果已经在运行, 则

docker compose stop
docker compose up -d

进行手动重启, docker compose restart 无法修改

pip

镜像源

清华源: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
阿里源: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
中科大源: https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple

uv

python 镜像源

UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR=https://github.com/indygreg/python-build-standalone/releases/download uv python install 3.13.1  # python镜像 或者 export

pip 镜像源 export UV_DEFAULT_INDEX="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple"

或

# pyproject.toml
[[tool.uv.index]]
url = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple"
default = true

# uv.toml
[[index]]
url = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple"
default = true

初始化

cd /path/to/project
uv init
uv venv 名字 --python 3.12

虚拟环境

source .venv/bin/activate  # 激活虚拟环境

deactivate  # 退出虚拟环境

github

镜像源: https://gh-proxy.com/

升级git:

# git update  # 2.17.1之前
git update-git-for-windows
# linux 直接使用包管理工具更新

git config --global user.name 名字
git config --global user.email 邮箱

安装 glt lfs

apt install git-lfs  # 安装lfs
# yum install git-lfs
git lfs install

huggingface

镜像源: https://hf-mirror.com

export HF_ENDPOINT=https://hf-mirror.com

$env:HF_ENDPOINT = "https://hf-mirror.com"

conda

给环境新增名字(vscode 创建 conda 环境无名字)

conda config --describe envs_dirs
conda config --append envs_dirs /path/to/the/parent_dir

vim

解决粘贴格式混乱

进入命令模式输入 :set paste
粘贴完成后输入 :set nopaste 恢复默认缩进

linux

添加环境变量

临时
```
export PATH=/to/your/path/:$PATH
```

永久

echo "
export PATH=/to/your/path/:$PATH
" >> ~/.bashrc  # debian 系
# echo "
# export PATH=/to/your/path/:$PATH
# " >> /etc/profile

单脚本换源

https://linuxmirrors.cn/use/

bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh)

重装 linux

需要先切换软件源到国内

https://github.com/leitbogioro/Tools

wget --no-check-certificate -qO InstallNET.sh 'https://gitee.com/mb9e8j2/Tools/raw/master/Linux_reinstall/InstallNET.sh' && chmod a+x InstallNET.sh

bash InstallNET.sh -debian

查看端口占用

lsof -i:[端口号]

排序cpu与内存占用

top  # 打开top后,按大写的P来根据cpu排序,按大写的M来根据内存排序

screen

screen -S yourname  # 新建一个叫yourname的session
screen -ls  # 列出当前所有的session
screen -r yourname  # 回到yourname这个session
screen -d yourname  # 远程detach某个session
screen -d -r yourname  # 结束当前session并回到yourname这个session  注: 一个session只能由一个用户进入, 第二个用户需要使用 -d -r 来中断前面一个用户的session

解压

tar -xvf xxxx.tar
tar -xzvf xxxx.tar.gz

unzip xxxx.zip  # 创建文件夹后, 解压到对应文件夹

git 命令

覆盖本地拉代码

git fetch
git reset --hard HEAD
git pull